| 1. 音乐记谱法/Music Notation |
音乐记谱法是指音符的书写。历史上有多种不同的形式。近几个世纪的西方音乐所用的标准方法是采用五线谱的形式，但是运用了不同形式的音名，在一些现代音乐中运用的新形式的图示记谱法，早期，指法谱，由专为特定乐器设计的字母，数字，五线谱组成。也有一种数字谱，因为某种需要，替代了传统的字母谱，例如在中国和日本。
Music notation is the writing of notes. Historically this has taken various forms. The standard method in Western music has in recent centuries been by means of staff notation, but different forms of letter notation have been used, with imaginative forms of graphic notation in some contemporary music and, in earlier times, tablature, a combination of letters, numbers and staff designed for particular instruments. There is also a system of numerical notation that, for some purposes, has replaced traditional character notation, for example in China and Japan. |
| 2. 五线谱/The Staff |
五线谱是由五条平行线组成，现在通常在五线谱上书写音符以表明音高。素乐或素歌——教堂传统单音歌颂，依旧采用四线谱，早期音乐中，线的数目各不相同。
The staff or stave is the framework of five horizontal lines on which notes are now generally written, to indicate pitch. Plainchant or plainsong, the traditional monodic chant of the Catholic Church, still uses a four-line stave, and in earlier music the number of lines used varied. |
| 3. 符头/Notehead(s) |
符头可以是黑色的（圆形或卵形）或白色的，用在五线谱上以表明音高。符头的形状在历史上有很多种，比如在单音歌颂中。
Noteheads may be black (a circular or oval shape filled in) or white and are used on the staff to indicate pitch. The shape of noteheads has differed historically, as in plainchant. |
| 4. 符干/Stem |
符干连接符头，用于表明时值。因此全音符没有符干，二分音符（全音符长度的一半）的时值，用在全音符上加一条符干来表示。
Stems attached to noteheads are used to indicate relative duration. Thus the whole note or semibreve has no stem, but the relative duration of the half note or minim, half the length of the whole note is indicated by the addition of a stem. |
| 5. 符尾/Flag |
习惯上以符尾添加在符干上以表示对时值的进一步划分。带两个符尾的符干，以其外形得名， 表示一个16分音符，带一个符尾的符干，表示一个8分音符，以此类推。
Flags have long been added to stems to indicate further divisions of duration. Thus a stem with two flags, so called from their appearance, indicates a 16th note or semiquaver, a note of half the duration of a stem with one flag, an 8th note or quaver, and so on. |
| 6. 谱号/Clef |
Clef这个单词（等同于法语中的“钥匙”），其用在五线谱上以表明该条线的音名及音高，其他音可在此递减。常用的有三种谱号，高音谱号（G谱号），低音谱号（F谱号）和C谱号，这三种谱号可以出现在任一线上，但最常见的是，中音谱号位于五线谱中加的那条线，高音谱号位于上数第二条线。谱号常见于谱表中各线的开头，如有必要，也可改变。
The word clef (= key in French) indicates the sign used on the staff to show the letter name and pitch of a line, from which other pitches can be deduced. Three clefs are in common use, the treble or G clef, the bass or F clef and the C clef that may be on any line, but is most often used as an alto clef on the middle line of the staff, or as a tenor clef on the second line from the top. Clefs are normally given at the beginning of each line of written music, and elsewhere if a change of register makes it necessary. |
| 7. 高音谱号/Treble clef |
现代的高音谱号（G谱号），外形取自字母G，用于表示高音，位于谱表五线谱开头，开始于下数第二条线。它表明，第二条线穿过符头，表示G调，比标准音乐会音高中的A(440)调低一级。
The modern treble clef or G clef, derived in shape from the letter G, is used for the higher registers, drawn on the staff at the beginning of a line of musical notation, starting on the second line from the bottom. It shows that noteheads that have this line running through them indicate the note G, a step below A at 440 in standard concert pitch. |
| 8. 低音谱号/Bass clef |
现代的低音谱号（F谱号），外形取自字母F，用于表示低音，位于谱表五线谱开头，开始于上数第二条线。它表明，第二条线穿过符头，表示F调，比标准音乐会音高中的A(220)调低一级。
The modern bass clef or F clef, derived in shape from the letter F, is used for lower registers, drawn on the staff at the beginning of a line of musical notation, starting on the second line down from the top. It shows that noteheads that have this line running through them indicate the note F, two steps below A at 220 in standard concert pitch. |
| 9. 大谱表/Grand staff |
大谱表由左端用垂直线与花括号连接起来的两个五线谱组成。在钢琴作品中，上面的五线谱通常标有高音谱号，下面的五线谱标有低音谱号，在钢琴作品或类似乐器作品中，前者通常为右手弹奏，后者为左手弹奏。
The grand staff is formed by the joining of two staves by a vertical line, brace or bracket at the left, to form one system. In piano music the upper staff usually has a treble clef and the lower a bass clef, the former usually for the right hand and the latter for the left in music for the piano, or for similar instruments. |
| 10. 加线/Ledger lines |
加线为较短的水平线，用以表明音调在五线谱之上或之下。
Ledger lines or leger lines are short horizontal lines used to indicate notes that lie above or below the stave. |
| 11. 八度记号/Octave sign |
八度记号位于五线谱之上或之下，表示一个或若干音调演奏时应高或低八度。通常用8ve表示。
The octave sign is used above or below the staff to indicate that a note or notes should be played an octave higher or lower. It is usually given in the form 8ve. |
| 12. 变音记号/Accidentals |
变音记号加在音符之前的符号，表示该音符要升高或降低半音或全音。当半音不属于该调，并且无调号时需要加变音记号。用降或重降号XXX, 升或重升号XXX来表示。
Accidentals are signs added before notes to indicate that they should be modified by a half step or semitone or a whole step or whole tone. They are needed when chromatic notes foreign to the key and not indicated in the key-signature occur. These are indicated by the signs for flats or double flats, XXX, sharps and double sharps, XXX.
[Signs to be inserted] |
| 13. 降号/Flat |
降号，用XXX表示，用在音符前或在调号上，表明该音高的所有音调降半音。
A flat, indicated by a sign XXX before a note, or in the key-signature for all notes of that pitch class, shows that the note so indicated is to be lowered by a half step or semitone. |
| 14. 升号/Sharp |
升号，用XXX表示，用在音符前或在调号上，表明该音高的所有音调升半音。
A sharp, indicated by a sign XXX before a note, or in the key-signature for all notes of that pitch class, shows that the note so indicated is to be raised by a half step or semitone. |
| 15. 还原号/Natural |
还原号表示一个音符既不升也不降。在音符前加XXX表示取消升或降。还原号也可用在调号改变时，取消升或降。
A natural is a note that is neither sharp nor flat. The sign XXX is used before a note to cancel a sharp or flat that would otherwise be played. The sign may also be used to cancel a sharp or flat when there is a change of key-signature. |
| 16. 重降号/Double flat |
重降号，用XXX表示，加在音符前，表明该音符降低一个全音。
A double flat, indicated by a sign XXX before a note, shows that the note is to be lowered two half steps or semitones. |
| 17. 重升号/Double sharp |
重升号，用XXX表示，加在音符前，表明该音符升高一个全音。
A double sharp, indicated by a sign XXX before a note, shows that the note is to raised two half steps or semitones. |
| 18. 小节线/Bar line |
小节线是与五线谱或谱表垂直的竖线，与拍号相对应。
A bar line is a vertical line through the staff or system to mark a metrical division, corresponding to the time signature. |
| 19. 终止线/Double bar line |
双小节线由两条与五线谱或谱表垂直的竖线组成，表明一个段落或整个音乐作品的结束。
A double bar line consists of two vertical lines through the staff or system to indicate the end of a section or the end of a piece of music. |
| 20. 连音线/Beams |
八度音或四度音或更短音程联结在一起时，用连音线来代替符尾。
Beams are used to replace flags when 8th notes or quavers or notes of shorter duration are grouped together. |
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