| 1. 拍号/Times |
拍号标在音乐作品的开始部分或在节拍改变的部分，通常包含两个数字，其中一个在另一个之上。上面的数字表示拍数，下面的数字表示所使用的音。3/4表示一小节有三个四分音符，4/2表示四个二分音符，6/8表示六个八分音符。
A time signature, given on the staff at the beginning of Signature a piece of music, or at points where there is a change of meter (metre) generally consists of two numbers, one over the other. The upper number indicates the number of beats in a measure (bar) and the lower the kind of note used. Thus 3/4 indicates three quarter notes or crotchets in a measure (bar), 4/2 indicates four half notes or minims, 6/8 indicates six 8th notes or quavers. |
| 2. 节拍/Meter (Metre) |
节拍是音乐作品中重复强弱音中的一系列等音值。在音乐作品的开始部分或在节拍改变的部分用拍号来表示。节拍在此处的用途与其在诗文中长音节的抑扬短长等作用相似。
Meter (metre) is the arrangement of a series of notes of equal duration in a repeated pattern of accents, weak notes and strong notes in a piece of music. It is indicated by a time signature at the beginning of a piece of music or at a point where there is a change of meter(metre). The use of the word is analogous to its use in verse, with its traditional metrical units of iambus,trochee, dactyl and so on. |
| 3. 单拍子/Simple meter (Metre) |
单拍子就是任何音符都可分成两拍，比如2/4, 3/4, 4/4等。四分音符可以分成两个八分音符。
Simple meter (metre) or simple time is meter (metre) in which the beat is divisible by two, as in 2/4, 3/4, 4/4 and so on. The quarter note or crotchet can in each case be divided by two, to be expressed in 8th notes or quavers. |
| 4. 二拍子/Duple meter (Bar) |
二拍子是指一小节中有两拍。
Duple meter (metre) or duple time is a meter (metre) that has two beats in a measure or bar. |
| 5. 三拍子/Triple meter (metre) |
三拍子是指一小节中有三拍。
Triple meter (metre) or triple time is a meter (metre) has three beats in a measure or bar. |
| 6. 四拍子/Quadruple meter (metre) |
四拍子是指一小节中有四拍。
Quadruple meter (metre) or quadruple time is a meter (metre) that has four beats in a measure or bar. |
| 7. 单二拍子/Simple duple meter (Metre) |
单二拍子指一小节中有两拍，两拍中的每拍各分成两拍，比如2/2 或 2/4。
Simple duple meter (metre) is a meter (metre) that has two beats in a measure or bar, each of which is divisible by two, as in 2/2 or 2/4. |
| 8. 单三拍子/Simple tripe meter (Metre) |
单三拍子指一小节中有三拍，三拍中的每拍各分成两拍，比如3/2 或3/4。
Simple triple meter (metre) is a meter (metre) that has three beats in a measure or bar, each of which is divisible by two, as in 3/2 or 3/4. |
| 9. 单四拍子/Simple quadruple meter (metre) |
单四拍子指一小节中有四拍，四拍中的每拍各分成两拍，比如4/2 或4/4.
Simple quadruple meter (metre) is a meter (metre) that has four beats in a measure or bar, each of which is divisible by two, as in 4/2 or 4/4. |
| 10. 节拍/Beat |
节拍是指一篇音乐作品的节奏。这个词也用来描述指挥的动作。演奏者跟随指挥的节拍来演奏。区别在于弱拍和强拍。首先，指挥者手的向上动作表示弱拍，为强拍做准备，指挥者手的向下动作表示一小节开始时的强拍。
The beat is the rhythmic pulse of a piece of music. The word is also used for the physical indication of such a pulse by a conductor. Performers under a conductor are expected to follow the beat. A distinction is made between the up-beat and the down-beat. The first, from the movement of a conductor's hand upward, indicates a weaker beat, in preparation for a down-beat, from the downward movement of a conductor's hand, indicating a stronger beat, as at the beginning of a measure or bar. |
| 11. Beat vales |
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Beat values correspond with the pulse in a piece of music and may be subdivided in various ways. |
| 12. Beat grouping |
| Beats generally form regular groups of two or three, with an accent on the first note of the group.
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| 13. 复拍子/Compound meter (metre) |
复拍子是指一小节分成三部分，比如6/8, 9/8, 12/4等等。
Compound meter (metre) or compound time is meter (metre) in which the beat is divisible by three, as in 6/8, 9/8, 12/4 and so on. |
| 14. 复二拍子/Compound duple meter (metre) |
复二拍子是指一小节有两拍，两拍中的每拍各分成三拍，比如6/8 或6/4.
Compound duple meter (metre) is a meter (metre) that has two beats in a measure or bar, each of which is divisible by three, as in 6/8 or 6/4. |
| 15. 复三拍子/Compound triple meter (metre) |
复三拍子是指一小节有三拍，三拍中的每拍各分成三拍，比如9/8 或9/4.
Compound triple meter (metre) is a meter (metre) that has three beats in a measure or bar, each of which is divisible by three, as in 9/8 or 9/4. |
| 16. 复四拍子/Compound quadruple meter (metre) |
复四拍子是指一小节有四拍，四拍中的每拍各分成三拍，比如12/8 或12//4.
Compound quadruple meter (metre) is a meter (metre) that has four beats in a measure or bar, each of which is divisible by three, as in 12/8 or 12//4. |
| 17. 2/2拍/2/2 meter (metre) |
2/2拍一小节有两个半音，是单二拍子的范例。其被称为二分之二拍，用C来表示。
2/2 meter (metre), with two half notes or minims in a measure or bar, is an example of simple duple meter (metre) or time. It is known as Alla breve and shown by the sign C. (C WITH A LINE THROUGH IT)
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| 18. 4/4拍/4/4 meter (metre) |
4/4拍一小节有四个四分之一音符，是单四拍子的范例。其被称为四分之四拍，用C来表示。这并不是字母C，而是不圆满的圆，从一个圆的纯音开始算起，用来说明什么是纯时间，即三拍子标志。
4/4 meter (metre), with four quarter notes or crotchets in a measure or bar, is an example of simple quadruple meter (metre) or time. It is known as Common Time and shown by the sign C. This not the letter C but an imperfect circle, dating from a time when the perfect from of a complete circle was used to represent what was known as perfect time, a symbolical triple meter (metre). |
| 19. 混合拍子/Irregular meter (metre) |
混合拍子通常是指既不符合单拍子也不符合复拍子的特殊形式。在小节内出现拍号5、7、11或更多拍子的为混合拍子。混合拍子可以进一步划分。5/8可以看作是2/8 + 3/8或3/8 + 2/8。进一步划分通常有两组，三组或四组。
Irregular meters (metres) or times are generally those with an odd number of beats that do not fit into the usual patterns of simple and compound meter (metre). Thus time signatures with five, seven, eleven or more beats in a measure or bar indicate irregular meters (metres). Such meters (metres) are generally subdivided. Thus 5/8 may be treated as 2/8 + 3/8, or as 3/8 + 2/8. Such subdivisions may usually be in groups of two, three or four.
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| 20. 重音/Accented notes |
重音是指强于其他音的音符。音符通常分为两组和三组，每组的第一个音符通常加重。重音出现在小节的开始部分，其他音如加重可在音符上用重音记号“>”。
Accented notes are notes that are stronger than others. Notes are usually grouped in twos and threes and the first note of such a group is normally accented. Strong accents occur at the beginnings of bars and other notes may be accented by the use of an accent sign >, placed over the written note. |
| 21. 重音/Accented sounds |
重音是强于其它音的音。小节中的第一个音符为重音，及二或三个音符为一组的第一个音符。其他音如加重可在音符上用重音记号“>”。
Accented sounds are sounds that are stronger than others. Accents fall on the first note in a bar, or on the first note of a group of two or three notes. Other accents may be indicated by the placing of the accent sign > over any written note. |
| 22. 轻音/Anacrusis |
在主歌中，轻音是指主歌开始部分没有加重的音，类似于弱拍。
In verse the anacrusis is the unstressed syllable at the beginning of a verse. The term has been borrowed for use in music as a synonym of up-beat, the weaker beat preceding a strong beat.
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| 23. 小节线/Bar line |
小节线是与五线谱或谱表垂直的竖线。
The bar line is a vertical line through the staff to mark off each measure or bar. |
| 24. 音域/Division (of note value) |
音符可分为两部分或二的倍数部分。全音可分为两个半音。附点音符即一个音符加一个点以延长半音，可分为三部分或三的倍数部分。附点半音相当于三个四分音符。
Notes may be divided by two or multiples of two. Thus a whole note or semibreve is the equivalent in duration of two half notes or minims. Dotted notes, that is notes followed by a dot prolonging their duration by a half may be divided by three or multiples of three. Thus a dotted half note or minim is the equivalent of three quarter notes or crotchets. |
| 25. 二拍子/Duple meter (metre) |
二拍子是指一小节中有两拍。
Duple meter (metre) or duple time is a meter (metre) that has two beats in a measure or bar. |
| 26. 时值/Duration |
音乐用时间来度量，音符的时值就是该音符的持续时间。半音的时值是全音的一半。不同音符时值是节奏的基本构成要素。
Music is measured in time and the duration of a note is the time it last in relations to other notes. Thus the duration of a half note or minim is half that of a whole note or semibreve. Different note lengths or durations are an essential element in rhythm. |
| 27. 力度重音/Dynamic accents |
力度重音表明音符的力度，通常出现在二音或三音组的开始部分，用在音符上加符号“>”来表示。
Dynamic accents show the relative strength of notes. They occur normally at the beginning of a group of two or three notes, but may otherwise be indicated by the sign > above a written note. |
| 28. 力度/Dynamic level |
力度是指一篇音乐作品的强弱部分，通常用意大利语中的强和弱两个单词即forte 和piano的首字母表示，并用mezzo的首字母来修饰。强音的水平用字母ppp, pp, p, mp, mf, f, ff, fff来表示，有时也用其他字母和符号。
The dynamic level, the relative loudness or softness of part of a piece of music, is generally indicated by the initial letters of the Italian words for loud and soft, forte and piano, modified by the initial letter of mezzo (= half) or intensified by repetition. Relative degrees of loudness might be given by the letters ppp, pp, p, mp, mf, f, ff, fff, but other words and signs are sometimes used. |
| 29. 小节/Measure (Bar) |
小节是一个长音节，即两个小节线之间的部分。
A measure or bar is a metrical unit, the space between two bar-lines. |
| 30. meter音/Metric accent |
音是指常规音加一个meter。通常出现在二音或三音组的开始部分和小节的第一个音符即metric unit的第一个音符。
Metric accent is the normal accent associated with a particular meter (metre). This generally falls on the first of a group of two or three notes, and always on the first note of a measure or bar, that is the first note of a metric unit.
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| 31. Pickup |
| The pickup is the anacrusis or upbeat, the weaker beat that precedes a strong beat, as the last beat of a measure or bar precedes the strong beat with which the following measure or bar begins. |
| 32. Point of attack |
| The point of attack is normally the beginning of a phrase or group of notes that must be clearly articulated, whether in vocal or instrumental music. |
| 33. 基本强音/Primary accent |
基本强音是基本音，出现在小节中第一拍。
The primary accent is the main accent falling on the first beat in a measure or bar. |
| 34. 五拍子/Quintuple meter(metre) |
五拍子是指一小节中有五拍。五拍子是混合拍子，通常为三拍子加二拍子的组合，3 + 2，或二拍子加三拍子的组合，2 + 3.有时标在拍号上。
Quintuple meter (metre) or quintuple time is a meter (metre) that has five beats in a measure or bar. Since this is an irregular meter (metre), it is often thought of as three beats followed by two, 3 + 2, or as two beats followed by three, 2 + 3. This is sometimes indicated in the key signature. |
| 35. 节奏型重音/Rhythmic pattern |
节奏型重音是一组时值不同的音符，以不同的方式分类，常和不规则重音一起出现。与metric pattern不同的是，节奏型重音是规则的。
Rhythmic pattern is a pattern of notes of varied duration, grouped in various ways and often with irregular accents. It is distinct from metric pattern, which is regular. |
| 36. 七拍子/Septuple meter(metre) |
七拍子是指一小节中有七拍。七拍子是混合拍子，通常为四拍子，三拍子或二拍子的任意组合，2 + 3 + 2, 4 + 3,等等。有时标在拍号上。
Septuple meter (metre) or septuple time is a meter (metre) that has seven beats in a measure or bar. Since this is an irregular meter (metre), it is often thought of in various combinations of four, three or two beats, 2 + 3 + 2, 4 + 3, and so on. This is sometimes indicated in the key signature. |
| 37. 单拍子/Simple meter (metre) |
单拍子就是任何音符都可分成两拍，比如2/4, 3/4, 4/4等。四分音符可以分成两个八分音符。
Simple meter (metre) or simple time is meter (metre) in which the beat is divisible by two, as in 2/4, 3/4, 4/4 and so on. The quarter note or crotchet can in each case be divided by two, to be expressed in 8th notes or quavers. |
| 38. 五线谱/Staff |
五线谱是由五条平行线组成，现在通常在五线谱上书写音符以表明音高。素乐或素歌——教堂传统单音歌颂，依旧采用四线谱，早期音乐中，线的数目各不相同。
The staff or stave is the framework of five horizontal lines on which notes are now generally written, to indicate pitch. Plainchant or plainsong, the traditional monodic chant of the Catholic Church, still uses a four-line stave, and in earlier music the number of lines used varied. |
| 39. 音符时值的进一步划分/Subdivision of note value |
音符可以分为两部分或多部分（二的倍数）。一个全音的时值等于两个半音，可以进一步分为四个四分音符，八个八分音符，以此类推。附点音符就是一个音符加一个符点来延长半音，其可分为三部分或三的倍数部分。附点半音等于三个四分音符，六个八分音符，十二个十六分音符，以此类推。
Notes may be subdivided by two or multiples of two. A whole note or semibreve is the equivalent in duration of two half notes or minims, and these may be subdivided to give four quarter notes or crotchets. Further subdivision will give eight 8th notes or quavers, and so on. Dotted notes, that is notes followed by a dot prolonging their duration by a half may be divided by three or multiples of three. Thus a dotted half note or minim is the equivalent of three quarter notes or crotchets, and these may be subdivided to give six 8th notes or quavers. Further subdivision will give twelve 16th notes or semiquavers, and so on. |
| 40. 拍号/Time |
拍号标在音乐作品的开始部分或在节拍改变的部分，通常包含两个数字，其中一个在另一个之上。上面的数字表示拍数，下面的数字表示所使用的音。3/4表示一小节有三个四分音符，4/2表示四个二分音符，6/8表示六个八分音符。
A time signature, given on the staff at the beginning of Signature a piece of music, or at points where there is a change of meter (metre) generally consists of two numbers, one over the other. The upper number indicates the number of beats in a measure (bar) and the lower the kind of note used. Thus 3/4 indicates three quarter notes or crotchets in a measure (bar), 4/2 indicates four half notes or minims, 6/8 indicates six 8th notes or quavers. |
| 41. 附点音符/Dotted notes |
一个符点加在音符后增加半音。半音加一个符点等于三个四分音符。四分音符加一个符点等于三个八分音符。再加一个符点则在原来基础上增加一个四分音符。换句话说，第二个符点增加了第一个符点的半个时值.加两个符点的四分音符时值等于一个四分音符加一个八分音符加一个六十分音符。
A dot placed after a note increases its value by a half. Thus a half note or minim followed by a dot is equivalent in duration to three quarter notes or crotchets. A quarter note or crotchet followed by a dot is equivalent in duration to three 8th notes or quavers. A second dot added after the first dot increases the value of the original note by a further quarter. In other words the second dot adds half the value of the first dot. Thus a double dotted quarter note or crotchet is equivalent in duration to a quarter note, plus an 8th note, plus a 16th note, that is a crotchet, plus a quaver, plus a semiquaver. |
| 42. 三连音/Triplet |
用均匀的三部分来代替基本划分的两部分，拍子改变。
Triplets are groups of three notes used in place of two, giving the temporary impression of a change of meter (metre).
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| 43. 二连音/Duplet |
用均分的两部分来代替基本划分的三部分，拍子改变。
Duplets are groups of two notes used in place of three, giving the temporary impression of a change of meter (metre).
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